Unit 2: Visiting a Classical Style Building: Pre-visit research

I have been reading the general tips for visits in the Open College of the Arts guide.

• Read articles, books and watch videos about the place you want to visit
• Think about these questions when you arrive: Do you find what you expected? Does the place impress you?
• Write some notes, make plans and diagrams of the place.
• Take some photographs: pinpointing detail, unusual views
• Make some drawings so that you will be concentrating on the details that you are drawing
• Make comparisons of the building you are visiting with others.
• Get some opinions from other people such as children, reactions of people from other periods in history

I have chosen the British Museum as the classical style building for this visit.

I started my pre-visit research by looking at the official website http://www.britishmuseum.org. There is a section on the architecture of the British Museum.

The core building was designed by the architect Sir Robert Smirke (1780-1867) in 1823 and completed in 1852. It was a quadrangle with 4 wings: north, east, south and west wings.The building was designed in the Greek Revival style which emulated classical Greek architecture. This is especially prominent in the monumental south wing entrance which had stairs, colonnade and pediment, to reflect the wondrous objects displayed inside.
The building was built on a concrete floor, the frame was made of cast iron and filled with London stock brick. In 1853, the quadrangle building won the Royal Institute of British Architects’ Gold Medal.

The South entrance of the British Museum © Trustees of the British Museum

I am reading through the brief for the visit of classical-style building and for project 2

• Looks for ways which works of art give meaning to a building: sculptures in the facade, works of art displayed
• Looks at the way in which the elements of the building make up an architectural whole: how are the various classical features combine, count the columns, spaces and windows on each level
• Investigate the purpose and status of the building
• Learn about the people connected with building's history
• Make a report to yourself on what you observed about the architecture during the visit
• Make some drawings or use a camera to take long views and detail of exterior and interior
• Is there any difference in the classical order between this building with another?

I will make a few visits to the British Museum during my trip to London since it is just a short walk away from my accommodation.

Unit 2: Postcards/Images

Two greek sculptures, two vase painting, two classical building

Greek sculpture: Man and Centaur [bronze] Greek, mid-8^th century BC, Height: 11.10cm, The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York City

Greek sculpture: Peplos Kore [marble] Greek, 6^th century BC, Height: 118cm, Acropolis Museum, Athens Greece (found at Acropolis, west of Erectheoin, near the Parthenon)

Vase painting: Panathenaic black-figure amphora depicting a foot race [pottery] Greek, 5^th century BC, Musee Municipal Antoine Vivenel, Compiegne, France

Vase painting: Red-figured calyx-krater depicting birth of Pandora [pottery], Attributed to the Niobid painter, 460-450 BC, Height: 49.5cm, British Museum (found at Altamura, Puglia, Italy)

Classical building: Neue Wache (New Guard House), Karl Friedrich Schinkel, 1816-1818, Berlin, Germany

Classical building: Parthenon, 447-438 BC, Athens, Greece

Unit 2: Annotation: Attic amphora with Black-figure decoration

I have chosen an Attic amphora with Black-figure decoration depicting Theseus killing the Minotaur for my annotation. I choose this vase painting because it depicts an interesting Greek mythological story. The scene is dramatic with the depiction of the killing in progress. It shows victory and triumph for the Greeks against a monster. I like the annotation exercise. It was exciting to discover new knowledge about Greek vase painting as I read more in depth on various aspects such as the black- and red-figure techniques, the painters, the motifs of the paintings, the shape and uses of various vessels. I plan to make some sketches of the vase regarding its shape, composition and the camera view on my annotation.

Attic amphora with Black-figure decoration (540 BC) [pottery] Ht: 42.3cm, Musee du Louvre

Theseus is holding the Minotaur by the neck with his right hand and slitting its throat with his sword using the left hand. The Minotaur has collapsed and red blood spurting out from the wound. A bird flies between Theseus’ legs. They are flanked by two female and two male figures, one of each on each side. These are the young Athenians that accompanied Theseus on his mission.

The colours used are black for the figures, ochre for background, white for the faces, arms and feet of the female figures and red for the clothes and blood. The colours used are solid. There is no shading or tonal change. The figures are painted on their side profiles. There is no depiction of perspective to show depth of the space. Theseus and the Minotaur form a triangle which makes the composition symmetrical. The bird between Theseus’ legs balances against the lower half of the body of the Minotaur on the other side. The composition of the figures achieves a sense of symmetry, balance and unity.

 

This is a cropped view of the amphora showing only the middle part of side A which contained the painting of Theseus and the Minotaur. The picture is taken at angle above the horizon so that the details of the painting at the convex area are not too foreshortened to lose their details in the photograph.

This pottery is an amphora. An amphora is a ceramic vessel with two handles and a neck narrower than the body. It is used to transport and stores goods, food and liquids. Painted Greek amphorae are also used as prizes, for funerary purposes, as grave markers and as a vessel to contain ashes of the dead.

This amphora has been attributed to an Attic workshop at the third quarter of the 6^th century BC. The Attic potters uses excellent iron-riched clay found in Attica. How are these amphorae made? The vessel is first shaped on the wheel and the sections (neck, body and foot) are thrown separately. The sections are left to dry to a leather hardness and then assembled and joined with a slip (clay in more liquid form). Then the handles are attached.

The black-figure technique is used by the Attic potters in the 6^th to 4^th century. The figural and ornamental motifs were applied with a slip that turned black during firing while the background was left the orange colour of the clay. The pictures are then formed by incising the slip with a sharp point to reveal the orange clay and by adding white and purple enhancements (mixture of pigment and clay). The white is usually used to denote the face, hands and feet of maidens.

 

Bibliography

Attic amphora with Black-figure decoration. Musee du Louvre website. Available from: www.louvre.fr [Accessed 27 December 2010]

Beazley JD (1986) The development of Attic Black-figure [online]. University of California Press. Available from: http://publishing.cdlib.org/ucpressebooks/ [Accessed 30 December 2010]

Department of Greek and Roman Art, (2002) Athenian Vase Painting: Black- and Red-Figure Techniques. The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Available from: http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/vase/hd_vase.htm [Accessed 30 December 2010]

Greek (6^th century BC) Theseus Fighting the Minotaur, detail from an Attic black-figure amphora [pottery] [online image]. Place: Musee du Louvre. Available from:  http://www.bridgemaneducation.com [Accessed 27 December 2010]